notes/Areas/upv/classes/empresario/01-overview/03-business-as-black-box.md
2022-04-15 14:50:24 +02:00

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# Business as a Black-Box
![[business-as-black-box.png]]
We can analyse a business as a black box. With the inputs being raw material, parts, capital, labor and management and the outputs being the achievement of certain goals, mostly economical ones.
Companies create value over time.
# Value Chain of a furniture factory
The process of turning those inputs into something more valueable is called the value chain.
![[02-what-is-a-business_value-chain.excalidraw]]
# How do we measure added value?
In the most simple form it:
$\displaystyle \text{Added value} = \text{Sales Revenue} - \text{Cost of supplies}$
# What is the VAT (Value Added Tax)
VAT is payed by the consumers when they buy a product. It is a indirect tax, because the money goes to the companies first, and they give it to the government.
# Types of VAT's (as of 1/09/2012)
## 0% | Without VAT
- Hospitals, Training
## 4% | Super Reduced VAT
- Bread
- Eggs
- Milk
- Fruit
- Vegetables
- Textbooks
## 10% | Reduced VAT
- Pharmaceutical Products
- Restaurants
- Hotels
- Transportation
- Glasses
- *Majority Food?*
## 21% | General VAT
- Car
- Electricity
- Gas
- Telefone