notes/Areas/electricity/voltage-dividers.md

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Voltage Divider

Simple Voltage Divider

This is sort of unrealistic because there is no current flowing out of the voltage divider on the right side:

Voltage Divider

Equation


\begin{flalign}
Vout & =\text{Vin }x*(\frac{R2}{R1+R2})&\\
\end{flalign}

Voltage Divider with Load

When the output of the voltage divider is connected to something the current drops on the output, as that something uses some of it.

Voltage Divider

The load is connected in parallel to R2, so we can calculate it as a parallel resistor.

The new Equation:


\begin{flalign}
Vout & =\text{Vin }x*(\frac{R2 || RL}{R1+R2 || RL})&\\
\end{flalign}

Example

Lets calculate the current in this circuit:

Voltage Divider Load Example

  1. We calculate the Resistance in the subcircuit (R2 and RL) as they are connected in parallel which means

\begin{align}
\frac{1}{Re}&=\frac{1}{R2}+\frac{1}{RL} &\textit{Replace Variables}\\
\frac{1}{Re}&=\frac{1}{100}+\frac{1}{150} &\textit{Add Fractions}\\
\frac{1}{Re}&=\frac{1}{60} &\textit{* Re}\\
1&=\frac{Re}{60} &\textit{* 60}\\
60&=Re \\
\end{align}

The simplified circuit now looks like this;

Voltage Divider Load Example

Now we can easily calculate the Resistance in the circuit

With the resistance we can now calculate the current inside the load circuit by using the simple voltage divider equation:


\begin{flalign}
Vout &=\text{Vin }x*(\frac{Re}{R1+Re})&\\
Vout &=5*(\frac{60}{100+60})&\\
Vout &=5*(\frac{60}{100+60})&\\
Vout &=1.875v
\end{flalign}