efml: electronic fuck my life
This commit is contained in:
parent
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@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
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"name": "pnpm",
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"name": "pnpm",
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"message": "No package.json (or package.yaml, or package.json5) was found in \"/home/jim/Notes\".",
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"message": "No package.json (or package.yaml, or package.json5) was found in \"/home/jim/Notes\".",
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||||||
"code": "ERR_PNPM_NO_IMPORTER_MANIFEST_FOUND",
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"code": "ERR_PNPM_NO_IMPORTER_MANIFEST_FOUND",
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"stack": "pnpm: No package.json (or package.yaml, or package.json5) was found in \"/home/jim/Notes\".\n at readProjectManifest (/home/jim/.asdf/installs/nodejs/17.3.0/.npm/pnpm-global/5/node_modules/.pnpm/pnpm@6.32.3/node_modules/pnpm/dist/pnpm.cjs:19818:13)\n at async Object.readProjectManifestOnly (/home/jim/.asdf/installs/nodejs/17.3.0/.npm/pnpm-global/5/node_modules/.pnpm/pnpm@6.32.3/node_modules/pnpm/dist/pnpm.cjs:19822:28)\n at async readProjectManifestOnly (/home/jim/.asdf/installs/nodejs/17.3.0/.npm/pnpm-global/5/node_modules/.pnpm/pnpm@6.32.3/node_modules/pnpm/dist/pnpm.cjs:43721:24)\n at async Object.handler (/home/jim/.asdf/installs/nodejs/17.3.0/.npm/pnpm-global/5/node_modules/.pnpm/pnpm@6.32.3/node_modules/pnpm/dist/pnpm.cjs:177918:24)\n at async /home/jim/.asdf/installs/nodejs/17.3.0/.npm/pnpm-global/5/node_modules/.pnpm/pnpm@6.32.3/node_modules/pnpm/dist/pnpm.cjs:182194:21\n at async run (/home/jim/.asdf/installs/nodejs/17.3.0/.npm/pnpm-global/5/node_modules/.pnpm/pnpm@6.32.3/node_modules/pnpm/dist/pnpm.cjs:182168:34)\n at async runPnpm (/home/jim/.asdf/installs/nodejs/17.3.0/.npm/pnpm-global/5/node_modules/.pnpm/pnpm@6.32.3/node_modules/pnpm/dist/pnpm.cjs:182387:5)\n at async /home/jim/.asdf/installs/nodejs/17.3.0/.npm/pnpm-global/5/node_modules/.pnpm/pnpm@6.32.3/node_modules/pnpm/dist/pnpm.cjs:182379:7"
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"stack": "pnpm: No package.json (or package.yaml, or package.json5) was found in \"/home/jim/Notes\".\n at readProjectManifest (/home/jim/.asdf/installs/nodejs/17.8.0/.npm/pnpm-global/5/node_modules/.pnpm/pnpm@6.32.3/node_modules/pnpm/dist/pnpm.cjs:19818:13)\n at async Object.readProjectManifestOnly (/home/jim/.asdf/installs/nodejs/17.8.0/.npm/pnpm-global/5/node_modules/.pnpm/pnpm@6.32.3/node_modules/pnpm/dist/pnpm.cjs:19822:28)\n at async readProjectManifestOnly (/home/jim/.asdf/installs/nodejs/17.8.0/.npm/pnpm-global/5/node_modules/.pnpm/pnpm@6.32.3/node_modules/pnpm/dist/pnpm.cjs:43721:24)\n at async Object.handler (/home/jim/.asdf/installs/nodejs/17.8.0/.npm/pnpm-global/5/node_modules/.pnpm/pnpm@6.32.3/node_modules/pnpm/dist/pnpm.cjs:177918:24)\n at async /home/jim/.asdf/installs/nodejs/17.8.0/.npm/pnpm-global/5/node_modules/.pnpm/pnpm@6.32.3/node_modules/pnpm/dist/pnpm.cjs:182194:21\n at async run (/home/jim/.asdf/installs/nodejs/17.8.0/.npm/pnpm-global/5/node_modules/.pnpm/pnpm@6.32.3/node_modules/pnpm/dist/pnpm.cjs:182168:34)\n at async runPnpm (/home/jim/.asdf/installs/nodejs/17.8.0/.npm/pnpm-global/5/node_modules/.pnpm/pnpm@6.32.3/node_modules/pnpm/dist/pnpm.cjs:182387:5)\n at async /home/jim/.asdf/installs/nodejs/17.8.0/.npm/pnpm-global/5/node_modules/.pnpm/pnpm@6.32.3/node_modules/pnpm/dist/pnpm.cjs:182379:7"
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82
Areas/electricity/active-components/op-amp.md
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82
Areas/electricity/active-components/op-amp.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
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![[op-amp-basic-schematic-symbol.svg]]
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The operational amplifier has a very high input impedance which makes it very good for amplifying low voltage signals.
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Basically the OpAmp is a function like this:
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$\displaystyle Y = A_v (X_1 - X_2)$
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Where:
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$$
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\begin{flalign}
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&Y = \text{Output Voltage}&\\\
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&A_v = \text{Open Loop Gain}\\
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&X_1 = \text{Input V1 (Non Inverting Input)}\\
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&X_2 = \text{Input V2 (Inverting Input)}\\
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\end{flalign}
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$$
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# Regions
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Op Amps functions in different regions, just like diodes, and transistors.
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![[op-amp-regions.png|400]]
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**Linear Region**
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This is how the Op-Amp normally functions.
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**Saturation Region**
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When the output of the op-amp would be higher than $+V_{CC}$ or lower than $-V_{CC}$ the output value is clamped to those values.
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In real life OpAmps have $A_V$ values as high as $10^8$ or $10^9$ due to this even very small input voltages would quickly leave the linear region. That is why we need
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**Negative Feedback**
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To use negative feedback we connect the output of the OpAmp to one of its inputs. This connection is modified by a *feedback factor* ($\beta$) which can be in the range $0 \le \beta \le 1$.
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Due to this feedback the new formula for the output $V_O$ is now:
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$$
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\begin{flalign}
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&V_o = A_V * V_\Delta&\\\
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\\
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&V_- = \beta * V_o\\
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&\text{Now we can say that }V_\Delta \text{is equal to:}\\
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&V_\Delta = V_+ - \beta *V_o &| \textit{ Solve for }V_o \\
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&V_o = \frac{V_+ - V_\Delta}{\beta}
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\end{flalign}
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$$
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# Non-Inverting Amplifier
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```circuitjs
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$ 64 0.000005 1.0312258501325766 50 5 50 5e-11
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a 192 240 304 240 9 15 -15 1000000 4.9999000019999595 5 100000
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r 192 320 192 400 0 1000
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r 304 320 192 320 0 1000
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w 192 320 192 256 0
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w 304 240 304 320 0
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O 304 240 368 240 1 0
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g 192 400 192 432 0 0
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v 96 352 96 224 0 0 40 5 0 0 0.5
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w 96 224 192 224 2
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g 96 352 96 432 0 0
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b 144 288 289 401 0
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x 264 386 278 389 4 24 β
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```
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# Buffer (Voltage-Follow)
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```circuitjs
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$ 64 0.000005 1.0312258501325766 50 5 50 5e-11
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a 192 240 304 240 9 15 -15 1000000 4.999950000499995 5 100000
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w 192 320 192 256 0
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w 304 240 304 320 0
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O 304 240 368 240 1 0
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v 96 304 96 224 0 0 40 5 0 0 0.5
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w 96 224 192 224 2
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g 96 304 96 352 0 0
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w 192 320 304 320 0
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```
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68
Areas/electricity/active-components/transistor.md
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68
Areas/electricity/active-components/transistor.md
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@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
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There are two types of transistors:
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# Bipolar Junctions Transistors (BJT)
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![[bipolar-junction-transistor|200x]]
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The current flowing in from Base controls the much larger current flowing between Collector and Emitter.
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## Rules for NPN Transistors
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**1. Polarity**
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The collector must be more positive than the emitter.
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**2. Junctions**
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The base$\rightarrow$emitter and base$\rightarrow$collector connections behave like diodes.
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**3. Maximum Ratings**
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Any transistor has maximum ratings for $I_C$ ,$I_B$ and $V_{CE}$ that should not be exceded.
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**4. Current Amplifier**
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When rules 1-3 are obeyed, $I_C$ is roughly equivalent to $IB$ and can be written like:
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$\displaystyle I_C = \beta I_B$
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In the following example circuit we can see that for a $\beta$ of 100 the Ic current is aroung 100 times higher than the base current.
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```circuitjs
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$ 1 0.000005 11.086722712598126 50 5 43 5e-11
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R 256 16 256 -48 0 0 40 2 0 0 0.5
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g 256 144 256 208 0 0
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t 192 80 256 80 0 1 -1.552 0.44799999999999995 100 default
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R 144 80 64 80 0 0 40 0.44799999999999995 0 0 0.5
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w 256 16 256 64 3
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w 256 96 256 144 3
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w 144 80 192 80 1
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x 272 -5 289 -2 4 24 C
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x 273 179 289 182 4 24 E
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x 96 68 112 71 4 24 B
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x 266 82 275 85 4 12 Ic
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o 1 16 0 159745 0.0001 0.0001 0 2 1 3
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38 3 F1 0 0 1.4 -1 Voltage
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```
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## NPN vs PNP Transistors
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The names come from the way they are constructed
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![[bjt-transistors.png]]
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![[transistors-pnp-npn]]
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# Transistor Modes
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## Saturation
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In this mode the transistor acts like a short circuit and current flows freely from emitter to collector.
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## Cut-Off
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In this mode the transistor acts like an open circuit and no current flows from emitter to collector.
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When $V_C > V _B < V_E$ then the transistor acts in Cutoff Region
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## Active
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The current from collector to emitter is proportional to the current flowing into the base.
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# Field-Effect Transistors (FET)
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![[field-effect-transistor|200x]]
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@ -0,0 +1,451 @@
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---
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||||||
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||||||
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excalidraw-plugin: parsed
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tags: [excalidraw]
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||||||
|
|
||||||
|
---
|
||||||
|
==⚠ Switch to EXCALIDRAW VIEW in the MORE OPTIONS menu of this document. ⚠==
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|
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||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Text Elements
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%%
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||||||
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# Drawing
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---
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---
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%%
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BIN
Areas/electricity/assets/bjt-transistors.png
Normal file
BIN
Areas/electricity/assets/bjt-transistors.png
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Binary file not shown.
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576
Areas/electricity/assets/field-effect-transistor.md
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576
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---
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excalidraw-plugin: parsed
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tags: [excalidraw]
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---
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%%
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|
[
|
||||||
|
0,
|
||||||
|
0
|
||||||
|
],
|
||||||
|
[
|
||||||
|
43.9609375,
|
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|
0
|
||||||
|
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|
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|
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|
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"files": {}
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|
}
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
%%
|
||||||
2704
Areas/electricity/assets/filter-topolgy-pi.md
Normal file
2704
Areas/electricity/assets/filter-topolgy-pi.md
Normal file
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Load Diff
4353
Areas/electricity/assets/filter-topology-l.excalidraw.md
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4353
Areas/electricity/assets/filter-topology-l.excalidraw.md
Normal file
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2128
Areas/electricity/assets/filter-topology-t.md
Normal file
2128
Areas/electricity/assets/filter-topology-t.md
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BIN
Areas/electricity/assets/frequency-response.png
Normal file
BIN
Areas/electricity/assets/frequency-response.png
Normal file
Binary file not shown.
|
After Width: | Height: | Size: 664 KiB |
BIN
Areas/electricity/assets/op-amp-regions.png
Normal file
BIN
Areas/electricity/assets/op-amp-regions.png
Normal file
Binary file not shown.
|
After Width: | Height: | Size: 425 KiB |
BIN
Areas/electricity/assets/rlc-series-example.png
Normal file
BIN
Areas/electricity/assets/rlc-series-example.png
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Binary file not shown.
|
After Width: | Height: | Size: 297 KiB |
1063
Areas/electricity/assets/transistors-pnp-npn.md
Normal file
1063
Areas/electricity/assets/transistors-pnp-npn.md
Normal file
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Load Diff
34
Areas/electricity/circuits/filters/crossover.md
Normal file
34
Areas/electricity/circuits/filters/crossover.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
|
|||||||
|
```circuitjs
|
||||||
|
$ 1 0.000005 4.252108200006279 50 5 43 5e-11
|
||||||
|
w 144 48 144 192 0
|
||||||
|
l 144 48 256 48 0 0.0021000000000000003 0.03475705451581527 0
|
||||||
|
c 256 48 256 128 0 0.000059999999999999995 0.004103722181158164 0.001
|
||||||
|
g 256 128 256 144 0 0
|
||||||
|
l 256 48 368 48 0 0.0007 -0.00019626553302779068 0
|
||||||
|
r 368 48 368 128 0 5.6
|
||||||
|
g 368 128 368 144 0 0
|
||||||
|
c 144 192 224 192 0 0.000021 0.28247067907643153 0.001
|
||||||
|
l 224 192 224 272 0 0.0015 0.05216033478886568 0
|
||||||
|
g 224 272 224 304 0 0
|
||||||
|
c 224 192 304 192 0 0.000063 0.08798149742233852 0.001
|
||||||
|
l 304 192 368 192 0 0.00023999999999999998 0.39364251752638785 0
|
||||||
|
l 368 192 432 192 0 0.00007999999999999999 0.2045046909150593 0
|
||||||
|
r 432 192 432 272 0 8
|
||||||
|
c 368 192 368 272 0 0.0000032999999999999997 2.8540707011819855 0.001
|
||||||
|
g 368 272 368 304 0 0
|
||||||
|
g 432 272 432 304 0 0
|
||||||
|
w 144 192 144 368 0
|
||||||
|
c 144 368 256 368 0 0.0000024 1.9379638766674248 0.001
|
||||||
|
l 256 368 256 432 0 0.00015 0.07979150824953853 0
|
||||||
|
g 256 432 256 480 0 0
|
||||||
|
c 256 368 368 368 0 0.000007099999999999999 -0.28883337134377607 0.001
|
||||||
|
r 368 368 368 432 0 5.6
|
||||||
|
g 368 432 368 480 0 0
|
||||||
|
170 144 48 80 48 2 100 20000 5 0.1
|
||||||
|
x 422 98 519 101 4 24 LowPass
|
||||||
|
x 473 237 582 240 4 24 BandPass
|
||||||
|
x 415 408 517 411 4 24 HighPass
|
||||||
|
o 22 16 0 x81016 4.493571323078259 0.0001 0 2 3 0 22 3 0.000049999999999999996 0 high
|
||||||
|
o 13 16 0 x83016 5.606100247506279 0.0001 0 2 3 0 13 3 0.000049999999999999996 0 mid
|
||||||
|
o 5 16 0 x83016 5.222932005819454 0.0001 0 2 3 0 5 3 0.000049999999999999996 0 low
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
30
Areas/electricity/circuits/filters/more-types.md
Normal file
30
Areas/electricity/circuits/filters/more-types.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
|
|||||||
|
![[Pasted image 20220327155446.png]]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Butterworth Filter
|
||||||
|
**Good**
|
||||||
|
+ Steep roll-off
|
||||||
|
+ Good selectivity
|
||||||
|
**Bad**
|
||||||
|
- great delay
|
||||||
|
- poorer phase linearity
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Bessel Filter
|
||||||
|
**Good**
|
||||||
|
- superior phase shift
|
||||||
|
- low sensitivity
|
||||||
|
- superior step response
|
||||||
|
**Bad**
|
||||||
|
- doesnt have a sharp cutoff
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Chebyshev Filter
|
||||||
|
**Good**
|
||||||
|
+ Sharp Roll-off
|
||||||
|
**Bad**
|
||||||
|
- Ripple in stopband
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Elliptic Filter
|
||||||
|
**Good**
|
||||||
|
+ Sharpest roll-off of all
|
||||||
|
**Bad**
|
||||||
|
- Ripple in PassBand and StopBand
|
||||||
30
Areas/electricity/circuits/filters/topology.md
Normal file
30
Areas/electricity/circuits/filters/topology.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
|
|||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# L - Topology
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
The L filters consist of two reactive elements, one in series with the signal and one in parallel to it.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**RC Filters** are very cheap and easy to build but are only suited for low power applications as there is a resistor in series with the signal. Also the resistor may introduce thermal noise to the signal.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**RL Filters**
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
![[filter-topology-l.excalidraw]]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## T-Topology
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
![[filter-topology-t]]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# $\pi$ - Topology
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
![[filter-topolgy-pi]]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
pi Topology is mostly used for Low Pass Filters.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
This filter is used a lot to reduce the ripple of Full Bridge Rectifiers.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Formulas:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
![[formulas#Cutoff Frequency pi Topology Filter|Cutoff Frequency]]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ We can also see that for the RL LowPass Filter the positions of the resistor and
|
|||||||
|
|
||||||
Lets design a RC LowPass Filter with a [[glossary#Cutoff Frequency|Cutoff Frequency]] of $15.9kHz$. The Formular for calculating the cutoff frequency is the following:
|
Lets design a RC LowPass Filter with a [[glossary#Cutoff Frequency|Cutoff Frequency]] of $15.9kHz$. The Formular for calculating the cutoff frequency is the following:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
![[formulas#Cutoff Frequency for RC LowPass]]
|
![[formulas#Cutoff Frequency for RC Filters]]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
So, we now have the following formula:
|
So, we now have the following formula:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
@ -63,3 +63,4 @@ Or we can plot it
|
|||||||
# Second Order Low Pass Filter
|
# Second Order Low Pass Filter
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
If we place two LPF's in series
|
If we place two LPF's in series
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|||||||
34
Areas/electricity/circuits/series-rlc.md
Normal file
34
Areas/electricity/circuits/series-rlc.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
|
|||||||
|
![[rlc-series-example.png]]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Lets find out the total impedance and current of this circuit:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
$$
|
||||||
|
\begin{flalign}
|
||||||
|
&I = \frac{V}{Z}&\\\
|
||||||
|
&Z = R^2 + (X_C-X_C)^2&\\
|
||||||
|
&X_C = \frac{1}{\omega C} &\\
|
||||||
|
&X_L = \omega C &\\
|
||||||
|
\end{flalign}
|
||||||
|
$$
|
||||||
|
Lets put in some numbers
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
$$
|
||||||
|
\begin{flalign}
|
||||||
|
&X_C = \frac{1}{2\pi*50*0.0001} \approx 31.830\ohm &\\\
|
||||||
|
&X_L = 2\pi*50*0.15 \approx 47.123\ohm&\\
|
||||||
|
&Z = \sqrt{12^2+(31.830-47.123)^2} \approx 19.4\ohm\\
|
||||||
|
&I = \frac{100}{19.439} \approx 5.14A
|
||||||
|
\end{flalign}
|
||||||
|
$$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Now lets finally calculate the voltage drops across all the components
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
$$
|
||||||
|
\begin{flalign}
|
||||||
|
V_R = 5.14*12 &\approx 61.68V&\\\
|
||||||
|
V_L = 5.14*47.13 &\approx 242.24V\\
|
||||||
|
V_C = 5.14*31.83 & \approx 163.6V\\
|
||||||
|
\end{flalign}
|
||||||
|
$$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ $\displaystyle f_{c} = \frac{R}{2\pi L}$
|
|||||||
|
|
||||||
## Signal Response of an RC Filter
|
## Signal Response of an RC Filter
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Xc = [[#Capacitive Reactance]]
|
$X_c$ = [[#Capacitive Reactance]] || [[#Inductive Reactance]]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
$\displaystyle V_{out} = V_{in}(\frac{X_{c}}{\sqrt{R^2+X_{c}^2}})$
|
$\displaystyle V_{out} = V_{in}(\frac{X_{c}}{\sqrt{R^2+X_{c}^2}})$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
@ -106,6 +106,47 @@ $\displaystyle f_{(-3db)} = f_{c}\sqrt{2^{(\frac{1}{n})}-1}$
|
|||||||
|
|
||||||
Where $n$ = Number if **identical** filters
|
Where $n$ = Number if **identical** filters
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# Center Frequency for RLC Low Pass Filter
|
# Resonance Frequency for RLC Low Pass Filter
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
$\displaystyle f_{o} = \frac{1}{2\pi \sqrt{LC}}$
|
$\displaystyle f_{o} = \frac{1}{2\pi \sqrt{LC}}$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Center Frequency with Fc and Fh
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
$f_{c} = \sqrt{f_{h}*f_{l}}$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Filter Response for RC Filters
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
$V_{out} = V_{in}(\frac{X_c}{\sqrt{R_{1}^2+X_{c}^2}})$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Cutoff Frequency $\pi$ Topology Filter
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
When the two capacitors have the same capacitance, it can be calculated like this:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
$\displaystyle f_c = \frac{1}{4\pi\sqrt{LC}}$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Voltage Divider
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
$V_{out} = V_{in}(\frac{R_{1}}{R_1+R_2})$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Angular Frequency ($\omega$)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
$\omega = 2\pi f = \frac{2\pi}{T}$ ^4ad7fc
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# RLC Series Response
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
This is basically Ohms Law:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
$\displaystyle V = IZ$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Where $Z$ is the impedance:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
$Z = \sqrt{R^2 + (X_L - X_C)^2}$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Current through a transistor
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
$\displaystyle I_{EQ} = \frac{V_{BB}-{V_{BE}}}{\frac{R_B}{(\beta+1)}+R_E}$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Non-Inverting Amplifier Gain
|
||||||
@ -9,6 +9,9 @@ In [electrical engineering](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_engineering
|
|||||||
|
|
||||||
## Output Impedance ($Z_{out}$)
|
## Output Impedance ($Z_{out}$)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Reactance (X)
|
||||||
|
Reactance is resistance related to frequency
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## Voltage (V)
|
## Voltage (V)
|
||||||
**Voltage**, **electric potential difference**, **electric pressure** or **electric tension** is the difference in [electric potential](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_potential "Electric potential") between two points.
|
**Voltage**, **electric potential difference**, **electric pressure** or **electric tension** is the difference in [electric potential](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_potential "Electric potential") between two points.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
@ -52,12 +55,33 @@ A component is a **reactive component** when it resists to changes in current or
|
|||||||
|
|
||||||
## Millmans Theorem
|
## Millmans Theorem
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## Cutoff Frequency
|
## Cutoff Frequency ($f_{c}$)
|
||||||
$\rightarrow$ [[filters]]
|
$\rightarrow$ [[filters]]
|
||||||
The frequency at which the output strength of a filter is 3dB lower than the input strength. When this frequency is passed the output signal is $V_{Peak} \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}$ the strength of the input signal.
|
The frequency at which the output strength of a filter is 3dB lower than the input strength. When this frequency is passed the output signal is $V_{Peak} \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}$ the strength of the input signal.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# High/Low Cutoff Frequency ($f_{H}/f_{L}$)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Center Frequency
|
||||||
|
$\rightarrow$ [[formulas#Center Frequency for RLC Low Pass Filter | Formula 1]] $\rightarrow$ [[formulas]]
|
||||||
|
The midpoint between the High and the Low Cutoff Frequency,
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# Pass-Band
|
# Pass-Band
|
||||||
The Pass-Band is the frequency range which is allowed to pass through a filter without changes.
|
The Pass-Band is the frequency range which is allowed to pass through a filter without changes.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# Stop-Band
|
# Stop-Band
|
||||||
The stopband is the frequency range which is attenuated by a filter.
|
The stopband is the frequency range which is attenuated by a filter.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Pass-Band Ripple
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
![[frequency-response.png]]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Transfer Function
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
The Transfer function is a mathematical model of some analog filter that represents the input strength to output strength related to the frequency of the input.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Angular Frequency ($\omega$)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
![[formulas#^4ad7fc]]
|
||||||
@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
|
|||||||
![[op-amp-basic-schematic-symbol.svg]]
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The operational amplifier has a very high input impedance which makes it very good for amplifying low voltage signals.
|
|
||||||
@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ There are two different types of filters:
|
|||||||
|
|
||||||
# Passive Filters
|
# Passive Filters
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Passive filters use passive components to filter a signal, like resistors, capacitors or inductors.
|
Passive filters use passive components like resistors, capacitors or inductors.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# Active Filters
|
# Active Filters
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
@ -59,3 +59,6 @@ Now lets calculate the cutoff frequency when we place three of those filters in
|
|||||||
|
|
||||||
$f_{(-3db)} = 530.51 \sqrt{2^{(\frac{1}{3})}-1}$
|
$f_{(-3db)} = 530.51 \sqrt{2^{(\frac{1}{3})}-1}$
|
||||||
$\displaystyle f_{(-3db)} \approx 270.467010633$
|
$\displaystyle f_{(-3db)} \approx 270.467010633$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
![[Drawing 2022-03-26 14.04.42.excalidraw]]
|
||||||
6
Areas/electricity/passive-components/relays.md
Normal file
6
Areas/electricity/passive-components/relays.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
|
|||||||
|
A relay is basically a switch that is controled by voltage.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Mechanical Relay
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Solid State Relay
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
@ -3,23 +3,22 @@
|
|||||||
## ~~ Nested tmux sessions ~~
|
## ~~ Nested tmux sessions ~~
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Adding this:
|
Adding this:
|
||||||
```config
|
|
||||||
|
```yaml
|
||||||
RequestTTY true
|
RequestTTY true
|
||||||
RemoteCommand tmux new -A -s ssh
|
RemoteCommand tmux new -A -s ssh
|
||||||
```
|
```
|
||||||
to the ssh config if the specific hosts will automatically start tmux when connected
|
to the ssh config if the specific hosts will automatically start tmux when connected
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
If i ssh into a remote machine with tmux started as well I have some problems:
|
If i ssh into a remote machine with tmux started as well I have some problems:
|
||||||
- ~~ Duplicate tmux bar ~~
|
- ~~Duplicate tmux bar~~
|
||||||
- ~~ Shortcuts don't work in remote ~~
|
- ~~Shortcuts don't work in remote~~
|
||||||
- This works by hitting the prefix key twice, e.g. ctrl-a-a
|
- This works by hitting the prefix key twice, e.g. ctrl-a-a
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## ~~ Debian Gnome sometimes comma key doesn't work ~~
|
## ~~ Debian Gnome sometimes comma key doesn't work ~~
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Has not happened in a while
|
Has not happened in a while
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## ~~ Neovim shortcut to comment out ~~
|
## ~~ Neovim shortcut to comment out ~~
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Fixed this by installing the NerdCommenter Plugin
|
Fixed this by installing the NerdCommenter Plugin
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## ~~ Neovim Auto fix problems shortcut + hover window ~~
|
## ~~ Neovim Auto fix problems shortcut + hover window ~~
|
||||||
@ -27,5 +26,13 @@ Fixed this by installing the NerdCommenter Plugin
|
|||||||
## ~~ Better git merging in Neovim, like in VScode ~~
|
## ~~ Better git merging in Neovim, like in VScode ~~
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## ~~ Copying between neovim, tmux and ssh sessions does not work ~~
|
## ~~ Copying between neovim, tmux and ssh sessions does not work ~~
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## Learn how to use splits and buffers in neovim
|
## Learn how to use splits and buffers in neovim
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## Fix the dictionary for neovim ltex-ls
|
## Fix the dictionary for neovim ltex-ls
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Linux
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Power Management
|
||||||
|
I want to set the Power Mode e.g. Power/Normal/Energy Saver.
|
||||||
|
Maybe with a waybar integration, but not that important.
|
||||||
|
|||||||
44
Areas/upv/classes/analog-electricity/Exam 01.md
Normal file
44
Areas/upv/classes/analog-electricity/Exam 01.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
|
|||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```circuitjs
|
||||||
|
$ 1 0.000005 10.20027730826997 50 5 43 5e-11
|
||||||
|
R 80 336 16 336 0 0 40 20 0 0 0.5
|
||||||
|
t 192 320 240 320 0 1 1.9615942922422976e+59 1.9615942922422976e+59 100 default
|
||||||
|
r 240 336 240 400 0 870.13
|
||||||
|
g 240 400 240 432 0 0
|
||||||
|
R 240 304 240 256 0 0 40 15 0 0 0.5
|
||||||
|
w 240 336 320 336 0
|
||||||
|
w 320 336 320 176 0
|
||||||
|
w 320 176 80 176 0
|
||||||
|
w 80 176 80 304 0
|
||||||
|
R 320 336 384 336 0 0 40 5 0 0 0.5
|
||||||
|
409 80 320 192 320 1 0.6 0 25 0
|
||||||
|
R 128 288 128 256 0 0 40 15 0 0 0.5
|
||||||
|
g -16 368 -16 416 0 0
|
||||||
|
R 128 352 128 416 0 0 40 -15 0 0 0.5
|
||||||
|
o 1 16 6 159746 0.0001 0.0001 0 1
|
||||||
|
38 2 F1 0 1 1000 -1 Resistance
|
||||||
|
38 0 F1 0 -20 20 -1 Voltage
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```circuitjs
|
||||||
|
$ 1 0.000005 382.76258214399064 50 5 43 5e-11
|
||||||
|
g -16 368 -16 416 0 0
|
||||||
|
v -16 368 -16 272 0 1 159 1 0 0 0.5
|
||||||
|
r -16 272 80 272 0 10000
|
||||||
|
c 80 176 192 176 0 1e-8 11.574895081799204 0.001
|
||||||
|
w 80 272 80 176 0
|
||||||
|
w 80 176 80 96 0
|
||||||
|
r 80 96 192 96 0 100000
|
||||||
|
w 192 96 192 176 0
|
||||||
|
409 80 288 192 288 1 0.6 29.037879762735045 0.023100000000000002 0
|
||||||
|
R 128 256 128 208 0 0 40 -15 0 0 0.5
|
||||||
|
R 128 320 128 368 0 0 40 15 0 0 0.5
|
||||||
|
w 80 304 80 368 0
|
||||||
|
r 80 368 80 432 0 10000
|
||||||
|
g 80 432 80 464 0 0
|
||||||
|
w 192 288 192 176 0
|
||||||
|
O 192 288 272 288 0 0
|
||||||
|
o 15 16 0 159754 13.6659683006871 0.0001 0 1
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
0
Untitled.md
Normal file
0
Untitled.md
Normal file
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user