notes/Areas/electricity/glossary.md

# Glossary

## Impedance (Z)
In [electrical engineering](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_engineering "Electrical engineering"), **impedance** is the opposition to [alternating current](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current "Alternating current") presented by the combined effect of [resistance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_resistance "Electrical resistance") and [reactance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_reactance "Electrical reactance") in a [circuit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_circuit "Electrical circuit").

[[formulas#Impedance in a Circuit]]

## Input Impedance ($Z_{in}$)

## Output Impedance ($Z_{out}$)

## Reactance (X)
Reactance is resistance related to frequency

## Voltage (V)
**Voltage**, **electric potential difference**, **electric pressure** or **electric tension** is the difference in [electric potential](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_potential "Electric potential") between two points.

## Resistance (R)
The **electrical resistance** of an object is a measure of its opposition to the flow of [electric current](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current "Electric current").

## Capacitance (C)
**Capacitance** is the ability of a component or circuit to collect and store energy in the form of an electrical charge.

## Inductance (L)
**Inductance** is the tendency of an [electrical conductor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_conductor "Electrical conductor") to oppose a change in the [electric current](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current "Electric current") flowing through it.

## Current (I)
How many electrons flow through a circuit in  a second

## Polarity
Means if a component is symmetric or not
Polarised means that a component is not symmetric

## LED

Anode - The shorter Leg
Cathode -  The longer Leg

## Diode
## Anode
The positive end of a diode

## Cathode
The negative end of a diode

## Conventional Current Flow
When electricity was discovered people thought the electrons flow from the positive terminal to the negative, in actuality they flow in the opposite direction, but it is still possible to calculate the flow with the old way.

## Reactive Components
A component is a **reactive component** when it resists to changes in current or voltage.

## Thevenins Theorem

## Nortons Theorem

## Millmans Theorem

## Cutoff Frequency ($f_{c}$)
$\rightarrow$ [[filters]]
The frequency at which the output strength of a filter is 3dB lower than the input strength. When this frequency is passed the output signal is $V_{Peak} \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}$ the strength of the input signal.

# High/Low Cutoff Frequency ($f_{H}/f_{L}$)

# Center Frequency
$\rightarrow$ [[formulas#Center Frequency for RLC Low Pass Filter | Formula 1]] $\rightarrow$ [[formulas]]
The midpoint between the High and the Low Cutoff Frequency, 

# Pass-Band
The Pass-Band is the frequency range which is allowed to pass through a filter without changes.

# Stop-Band
The stopband is the frequency range which is attenuated by a filter.

# Pass-Band Ripple

![[frequency-response.png]]


# Transfer Function

The Transfer function is a mathematical model of some analog filter that represents the input strength to output strength related to the frequency of the input.


# Angular Frequency ($\omega$)


![[formulas#^4ad7fc]]