# Business as a Black-Box

![[business-as-black-box.png]]

We can analyse a business as a black box. With the inputs being raw material, parts, capital, labor and management and the outputs being the achievement of certain goals, mostly economical ones.

Companies create value over time. 

# Value Chain of a furniture factory

The process of turning those inputs into something more valueable is called the value chain.

![[02-what-is-a-business_value-chain.excalidraw]]

# How do we measure added value?

In the most simple form it:

$\displaystyle \text{Added value} = \text{Sales Revenue} - \text{Cost of supplies}$

# What is the VAT (Value Added Tax)

VAT is payed by the consumers when they buy a product. It is a indirect tax, because the money goes to the companies first, and they give it to the government.

# Types of VAT's (as of 1/09/2012)

## 0% | Without VAT 
- Hospitals, Training

## 4% | Super Reduced VAT
- Bread
- Eggs
- Milk
- Fruit
- Vegetables
- Textbooks

## 10% | Reduced VAT
- Pharmaceutical Products
- Restaurants
- Hotels
- Transportation
- Glasses
- *Majority Food?*

## 21% | General VAT
- Car
- Electricity
- Gas
- Telefone